A highlight of our Japan cruise stop in Kagoshima, Sengan-en sits on the edge of Kagoshima Bay, with the ever-smoking Sakurajima volcano as a dramatic backdrop. More than just a beautifully landscaped garden, it is a window into Japan’s feudal past, the rise of its industrial power, and the legacy of the Shimazu clan, who ruled for over 700 years.
Docking in Kagoshima aboard the Silver Muse, our first shore excursion led us to Sengan-en, a site rich in history, natural beauty, and industrial legacy, providing a fascinating introduction to Edo-period Japan (1603–1868) and the nation’s transformation into a modern industrial powerhouse.
Senga-en The Feudal Residence of the Shimazu Clan
Built in 1658 by Mitsuhisa Shimazu, the 19th head of the Shimazu clan, Sengan-en was designed as a stately residence for the powerful feudal lords of Satsuma domain (modern-day Kagoshima Prefecture). Walking through the house, we noticed how the design was a blend of cultures—Chinese, Japanese, and even Western influences.
The spacious tatami-matted rooms were a mark of status, with their size measured by the number of mats. The sliding screens (fusuma) allowed for flexible room layouts, while ornate chandeliers and Western-style dining settings reflected how the Shimazu clan embraced foreign trade and ideas centuries before Japan officially opened its borders. But despite its grandeur, the low ceilings reminded us that these houses were built for a time when people were generally shorter—after a few bumps to the head, I started walking with more caution!
The Gardens and “Borrowed Scenery”
Stepping outside, we entered Sengan-en’s meticulously landscaped 12-acre garden, which embodies the Japanese principle of “borrowed scenery” (shakkei)—where the natural surroundings are incorporated into the design. Here, Kinko Bay and Sakurajima became part of the garden’s composition, creating a stunning and ever-changing view.
Winding paths led us past tranquil koi ponds, red torii gates, hidden shrines, and a serene bamboo grove. The overcast weather muted the colours somewhat. I expect these gardens are even more beautiful in full bloom, under blue skies.
I would have happily spent the whole day wandering through the gardens, but with the tour schedule in mind, we made our way toward another key part of Sengan-en’s legacy—the birthplace of Japan’s Industrial Revolution.
Shoko Shuseikan: Japan’s First Industrial Site
A short wander takes us to Shoko Shuseikan, Japan’s oldest existing factory complex, and the next stop on our shore excursion.
Established in 1865—over 200 years after Sengan-en—by later generations of the same clan, these small stone buildings once housed iron foundries, charcoal kilns, and machinery workshops that played a crucial role in Japan’s rapid modernization.
Much like Cromford Mill in England or Beverley’s textile hubs in the US, this was where a nation’s industrial revolution began. The Shimazu clan spearheaded efforts to modernize shipbuilding, weapons manufacturing, and engineering—setting Japan on its path to becoming an industrial superpower. Walking through these early factories was a contrast to the serenity of the gardens, a reminder of how this family bridged Japan’s feudal past with its industrial future.
Throughout our visit, the looming Sakurajima volcano dominated the distance, its misty silhouette occasionally interrupted by plumes of smoke.
The Ever-Present Sakurajima Volcano
As the climax of our Kagoshima excursion we hopped on the bus then a ferry to reach the volcano.
There was definitely a sulphur smell in the air as we walked around the paths between jagged stones and fields of ash. Sadly there were no Bond villains or Rocket bases hidden beneath the mountain so as the rain pelted down, we headed back to the bus onwards to the warmth of the Silver Muse.
Is it worth visiting Sakujarima? Yes absolutely.
As our first taste of Japan outside Tokyo, this was a great introduction to the history, innovation and beauty of the country.
Visiting Sengan-en: What to Expect
For anyone visiting Kagoshima, whether on a Japan cruise or an independent trip, Sengan-en offers a deep dive into history, culture, and nature.
- Time Needed: At least 3 hours (longer if you want to fully explore the gardens)
- Best Time to Visit: Spring for cherry blossoms, Autumn for crisp air and vibrant foliage
- Getting There: A 30-minute drive from Kagoshima Cruise Terminal, with easy access by bus or taxi, or 12 minutes from the Kagoshimachuo Station for the bullet train.
- Recommended Pairing: Combine with a visit to Sakurajima for a day of history and natural wonders.
If you ever find yourself in Kagoshima, Sengan-en is more than just a stop—it’s a step into Japan’s living history.
